References

Constantino, R. 1995. The effect of pleasure reading: Passing the TOEFL test doesn't have to hurt. Mosaic 3(1): 15-17.

Constantino, R., Lee, S.Y., Cho, K.S., and Krashen, S. (1997). Free voluntary reading as a predictor of TOEFL scores. Applied Language Learning 8: 111-118.

Gradman, H., and E. Hanania. (1991). Language learning background factors and ESL proficiency. Modern Language Journal 75: 39-51.

Krashen, S. (2004). The Power of Reading. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.

Swinton, S. S. (1983). TOEFL Research reports, Report 14.Princeton, N.J.: Educational Testing Service.

TOEFL (2005). Institutional Testing Program, Japan Edition. Educational Testing Service.

3