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3.2 TOEIC
Table 4 presents descriptive statistics. A one-way ANOVA showed that there was no statistically significant difference among the groups on the TOEIC pretest, F(2, 94) = 1.82, p = .17. A tests (two tests) by groups (three levels) repeated-measures two-way ANOVA revealed a statistically significant difference within the participants, F(1, 85) = 53.71, p = 00, showing that all groups gained, but there was no statistically significant difference among the groups, F(2, 85) = 2.25, p = .11, and the interaction was not significant. F(2, 85) = .20, p = .82 (Table 5).
Table 4. Descriptive Statistics for the Reading Section of the TOEIC Pretest and Posttest
| Pretest | n | Posttest | n | Gain | |
| Group | M (SD) | M (SD) | |||
| JSG | 129.83(33.04) | 30 | 163.50(38.03) | 30 | 33.67 |
| ESG | 112.66(36.42) | 30 | 146.83(43.77) | 30 | 34.17 |
| Correction | 121.78(25.06) | 28 | 162.32(53.99) | 28 | 40.54 |
JSG = Japanese summary group
ESG = English summary group
Table 5. Repeated-Measures Two-Way Analysis for Variance on the TOEIC
| df | SS | MS | F | p | |
| Between | 2 | 9151.76 | 4574.88 | 2.25 | .11 |
| Within | 1 | 57353.69 | 57353.69 | 53.71 | .00 |
| Interaction | 2 | 420.08 | 210.04 | .20 | .82 |
| Total | 5 | 66925.58 |
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